10.27. Managing Windows Containers¶

10.27.1. Setting Up the Environment¶

You will need the following:

• A node running Virtuozzo Hybrid Server 7.5 or newer.

• Three or more Microsoft Windows nodes in a Storage Spaces Direct cluster. The nodes must be running Microsoft Windows Server 2019 v1809 or newer. It is also implied that the nodes meet the Storage Spaces Direct hardware requirements.

• A network interconnecting the Virtuozzo Hybrid Server node and Windows nodes. All Microsoft Windows nodes will need Internet access for Docker installation.

PS C:\> docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Enterprise
 Version:           19.03.12
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.13.13
 Git commit:        4306744
 Built:             08/05/2020 19:27:53
 OS/Arch:           windows/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.13
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.24)
  Go version:       go1.13.15
  Git commit:       cb7af2e
  Built:            Tue Oct 13 12:15:38 2020
  OS/Arch:          windows/amd64
  Experimental:     false

PS C:\> Start-Service docker

10.27.2. Creating Windows Containers¶

After setting up both the Virtuozzo Hybrid Server and Microsoft Windows Server nodes, you can create Windows containers using virt-install. Container base images need to be present on Windows Server nodes. The deployment script only installs the Nano Server 1809 image. Any other base images need to be pulled from the Docker Hub first.

You can create a Windows container from the Virtuozzo Hybrid Server node as follows:

# virt-install --connect docker://<hostname> --name <ct_name> --memory 1024 \
--boot init=* --os-variant none --console none --disk bus=virtio,path=<ct_image> \
--network type=network,mac=<ct_MAC>,source=<net_name> \
--filesystem <guest_dir>,<host_dir> --noreboot --noautoconsole

Where:

• <hostname> is the hostname of the Windows Server node to create the container on.

• <ct_name> is a unique container name.

• <ct_image> is a base image to create the container from. For example, mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1809.

• <ct_MAC> is a unique container MAC address.

• <net_name> is a name of a Docker network to connect the container to. Use default for the default NAT network.

• <guest_dir> and <host_dir> are the container guest and host directories located on a virtual disk in the Storage Spaces Direct cluster. Create these directories if they do not exist.

For example:

# virt-install --connect docker://win1.example.com --name winct1 --memory 1024 \
--boot init=* --os-variant none --console none \
--disk bus=virtio,path=mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1809 \
--network type=network,mac=00:01:02:03:04:05,source=default \
--filesystem C:/ClusterStorage/disk1/guest_dir/,C:/ClusterStorage/disk1/host_dir/ \
--noreboot --noautoconsole

Starting install...
Domain creation completed.
You can restart your domain by running:
  virsh --connect docker://win1.example.com start winct1

This command will create a Windows container based on a Nano Server image.

As more examples for this technical preview, you can also create Windows containers with DotNetNuke and WordPress from base images published by Virtuozzo at Docker Hub. These base images include the required database management systems, so you can skip to setting up DotNetNuke and WordPress once you run the container. Do the following:

1. Pull the images from Docker Hub to Windows Server nodes:

   PS C:\> docker pull virtuozzo/dnn:techpreview
   

   Or

   PS C:\> docker pull virtuozzo/wordpress:techpreview
   

2. Create the Windows container from the Virtuozzo Hybrid Server node. For example:

   # virt-install --connect docker://win1.example.com --name winct1dnn --memory 2048 \
   --boot init=* --os-variant none --console none \
   --disk bus=virtio,path=virtuozzo/dnn:techpreview \
   --network type=network,mac=00:01:02:03:04:06,source=default \
   --filesystem C:/ClusterStorage/disk1/guest_dir/,C:/ClusterStorage/disk1/host_dir/ \
   --noreboot --noautoconsole
   # virsh --connect docker://win1.example.com start winct1dnn
   

   Provide A DotNetNuke container with at least 2GB of memory for the setup to complete.

   Or

   # virt-install --connect docker://win1.example.com --name winct1wp --memory 1024 \
   --boot init=* --os-variant none --console none \
   --disk bus=virtio,path=virtuozzo/wordpress:techpreview \
   --network type=network,mac=00:01:02:03:04:07,source=default \
   --filesystem C:/ClusterStorage/disk1/guest_dir/,C:/ClusterStorage/disk1/host_dir/ \
   --noreboot --noautoconsole
   # virsh --connect docker://win1.example.com start winct1wp
   

3. Find out the container’s IP address. For example:

   # virsh --connect docker://win1.example.com dumpxml winct1dnn | grep "ip address"
   <ip address='192.168.175.204' family='ipv4' prefix='24'/>
   

   Or

   # virsh --connect docker://win1.example.com dumpxml winct1wp | grep "ip address"
   <ip address='192.168.175.114' family='ipv4' prefix='24'/>
   

4. As the Windows containers use a NAT network by default, they are only accessible from the Windows Server node the container is running on. From that node, visit the container’s IP address (and optionally port) in a web browser to proceed with setup.

To make Windows containers publicly accessible, let them use a virtual switch bound to a node’s physical network adapter connected to a public network. To create a virtual switch, do the following:

1. Open the Hyper-V Manager. E.g., in Server Manager, click Tools > Hyper-V Manager or run virtmgmt.msc from the Command Prompt or PowerShell.

2. In the Hyper-V Manager, click Virtual Switch Manager in the Actions menu.

   

3. In the Virtual Switch Manager, choose New virtual network switch > External. Click Create Virtual Switch.

   

4. In Virtual Switch Properties, enter a name for the switch, e.g., vSwitch1, and select a public physical network adapter in External network. Click OK.

   

5. Restart Docker:

   PS C:\> Restart-Service docker
   

6. Check that the switch is listed in Docker networks. For example:

   PS C:\> docker network ls
   NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
   ad2c3ef4de3e        nat                 nat                 local
   ea6c5aa76c42        none                null                local
   7ae7bd5c638e        vSwitch1            transparent         local
   

Now you can specify the public network, e.g., --network ... source=vSwitch1 instead of --network ... source=default, when creating Windows containers with virt-install.

10.27.3. Starting, Listing, and Stopping Windows Containers¶

After creating a Windows container, start it as indicated by virt-install. For example:

# virsh --connect docker://win1.example.com start winct1
Domain winct1 started

Using virsh, you can also list and shut down Windows containers on the node. For example:

# virsh --connect docker://win1.example.com list --all
 Id      Name      State
-----------------------------
 39370   winct1    running

# virsh --connect docker://win1.example.com shutdown winct1

10.27.4. Running Commands in Windows Containers¶

To attach to a Windows container in this technical preview, use the docker attach command on the Windows Server node the container is running on.

To run a command inside a Windows container, use the docker exec command as follows:

PS C:\> docker exec <ct> <shell> /c "<command>"

Where:

• <ct> is the container name or ID.

• <shell> is the name of the shell bundled with the container image, e.g., cmd is Command Prompt and pwsh is PowerShell.

• <command> is the command to execute in the shell.

For example:

PS C:\> docker exec winct1 cmd /c "echo Test > C:\ClusterStorage\disk1\host_dir\test.txt"

PS C:\> docker exec winct1 cmd /c "type C:\ClusterStorage\disk1\host_dir\test.txt"
Test

PS C:\> docker exec winct1 cmd /c "dir C:\ClusterStorage\disk1\host_dir\"
 Volume in drive C has no label.
 Volume Serial Number is 34FA-4299

 Directory of C:\ClusterStorage\disk1\host_dir

11/05/2020  03:04 AM    <DIR>          .
11/05/2020  03:04 AM    <DIR>          ..
11/05/2020  03:01 AM                 9 test.txt
               1 File(s)              9 bytes
               2 Dir(s)  544,967,794,688 bytes free

10.27.5. Configuring Windows Container Parameters¶

In this technical preview, redefining container configuration (editing its XML scheme) is not supported. You can, however, update container resource limits as follows:

• Change available memory using virsh setmem. For example:

  # virsh -c docker://win1.example.com setmem winct1 512M
  # virsh -c docker://win1.example.com dumpxml winct1 | grep -i memory
  <memory unit='KiB'>524288</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory>
  

• Edit the CPU shares or quotas for the container using virsh schedinfo. For example:

  # virsh -c docker://win1.example.com schedinfo winct1 cpu_shares=1000
  Scheduler      : posix
  cpu_shares     : 1000
  vcpu_period    : 0
  vcpu_quota     : 0
  

  Or

  # virsh -c docker://win1.example.com schedinfo winct1 vcpu_period=4000 vcpu_quota=2000
  Scheduler      : posix
  cpu_shares     : 0
  vcpu_period    : 4000
  vcpu_quota     : 2000
  

  You cannot set both cpu_shares and vcpu_quota at the same time.

  Set cpu_shares or vcpu_quota or to -1 to reset it:

  # virsh -c docker://win1.example.com schedinfo winct1 cpu_shares=-1
  

  Or

  # virsh -c docker://win1.example.com schedinfo winct1 vcpu_quota=-1
  

• Throttle container disk with virsh blkdeviotune by changing the total throughput limit, in bytes per second, as well as the total I/O operations limit per second. For example:

  # virsh -c docker://win1.example.com blkdeviotune winct1 vda \
  --total-bytes-sec=104857600 --total-iops-sec=1000
  

  Use virsh domblklist to find out container’s device names.

10.27.6. Migrating Windows Containers¶

Take note of the following:

• The source container must be stopped.

• The name and UUID of the migrated container must be unique on the destination node.

• The migrated container keeps the source’s UUID.

• The MAC address of the migrated container must be unique within the destination node’s network. For example, if all nodes belong to the same network, MAC addresses must be unique across all nodes.

• The data on container’s drive C: will be lost after migration. The data on persistent volumes will remain.

To migrate a Windows container, use the migrate subcommand of virsh. For example:

• Migrate a container and delete the source:

  # virsh --connect docker://node3.winctpreview.com migrate winct1 --desturi \
  docker://node1.winctpreview.com --offline --persistent --undefinesource
  

• Migrate a container under a new name and delete the source:

  # virsh --connect docker://node3.winctpreview.com migrate winct1 --desturi \
  docker://node1.winctpreview.com --offline --persistent --undefinesource \
  --dname winct1_migrated
  

• Migrate a container under a new name and keep the source:

  # virsh --connect docker://node3.winctpreview.com migrate winct1 --desturi \
  docker://node1.winctpreview.com --dname winct1_migrated --offline --persistent
  

  Note

  In this case, the container can only be migrated once. On the second attempt, the UUIDs of the source container and the one migrated earlier will be the same, which will cause a conflict. You can, however, create a container with a new UUID from the source’s configuration file and migrate it.

10.27.7. Managing Windows Container Backups¶

It is recommended to use the Windows Server Backup feature for container backups. You can use the provided PowerShell scripts to partially automate backup-related tasks.

Run the script on each node to find the containers with persistent CSVs and add those volumes to the backup schedule:

PS> Config-Docker-Backup.ps1 -Times '<1st> <2nd> <3rd>'

The script will configure the Windows Server Backup feature to create incremental backups daily at <1st>, <2nd>, and <3rd>. If you omit the -Times parameter, backups will be created at 9:00, 12:00, and 15:00.

Container backups will be listed in the Windows Server Backup snap-in. To open it, run wbadmin.msc.

To restore a container backup, run

PS> Restore-Docker.ps1 <ct_name>

Where <ct_name> is container name.

Restoring will overwrite the backed up container volume(s).

10.27.8. Troubleshooting Windows Containers¶

In case of issues with Windows containers, you can create a problem report and send it to the technical support team:

usage: vz-problem-report [-h] [-v] [--proxy PROXY] [--name NAME]
                         [--email EMAIL] [--description DESC]
                         [--reportfile FILE] [--version]
                         address

Where

• address is the hostname or IP address of the Microsoft Windows Server host to collect the report from

• name and email are your name and email address, respectively

• desc is the description of the problem

• reportfile is the name of the report file to save locally

If the node is not connected to the Internet, you can create a local report file with the --reportfile option and manually email it to the support team.

10.27.9. Uninstalling the Windows Containers Feature¶

To remove the ability to create and manage Windows Containers on Microsoft Windows Server nodes from a Virtuozzo Hybrid Server node, run the uninstallation script:

PS C:\> C:\Program Files\Virtuozzo\winctfiles\winct-uninstall.ps1

The script will attempt to undo changes made by the deployment script:

• Uninstall Docker if it was not installed before the deployment. If Docker was already installed, leave it with the custom dockerd.exe but restore its service’s original startup type (e.g., Automatic or Manual). Stop the service if the original startup type is Manual.

• Uninstall DockerMsftProvider.

• Delete joblib, Prometheus exporter, and backup scripts.

• Remove the path to the bundle from PATH.

• Restore the original startup type of the WinRM service. Stop the service if the original startup type is Manual.

• Delete the firewall rules for Docker and WinRM. If rules existed and were changed, restore them.

• Delete the imported certificate files from ProgramDatadockercerts.d. Delete the certificates from the store. Kill the HTTP Listener in WinRM and remove authentication by the imported certificate.